Pulmoner hipertansiyon, kronik obstrüktif akciðer hastalýðýnýn (KOAH) sýk görülen bir komplikasyonudur. KOAH’a baðlý olarak geliþen pulmoner hipertansiyon genellikle hafif-orta derecededir. Buna karþýlýk, þiddetli KOAH’lý hastalarýn %5-10’unda ciddi pulmoner hipertansiyon görülebilmektedir. KOAH’lý hastalarýn küçük bir bölümünde, ortalama pulmoner arter basýncýnýn >35-40 mmHg olmasý þeklinde tanýmlanan “orantýsýz” pulmoner
hipertansiyon ve belirgin dispne ile yorgunluðu açýklayamayan nispeten korunmuþ akciðer fonksiyonu vardýr. KOAH’lý hastalarda pulmoner hipertansiyon kötü prognoz ile
iliþkilidir.
KOAH’taki pulmoner hipertansiyonun nedeni genellikle hipoksik pulmoner vazokonstrüksiyon olarak görülmektedir. Son yýllarda, KOAH’ta pulmoner hipertansiyonun sellüler ve moleküler patofizyolojisi konusuna duyulan ilgi artmýþtýr. En çarpýcý bulgular vasküler endotelyal hücreler ve bu hücrelerden salýnan endojen mediatörlerdir. KOAH’ta vasküler yeniden yapýlanma (remodelling) pulmoner arter basýncýndaki artýþýn baþlýca nedenidir.
Günümüzde KOAH’ta pulmoner hipertansiyon için spesifik ve etkili bir tedavi yoktur. Etkili tedavide uzun süreli oksijen tedavisine baþlama zamaný önemlidir. KOAH’lý hastalarda pulmoner hipertansiyonun etkili tedavisi için terapötik ajanlar üzerinde yapýlacak araþtýrmalara hâlâ ihtiyaç vardýr. Bu derlemede, KOAH’taki pulmoner hipertansiyonun patofizyolojisi ve tedavisi konularý güncel bilgiler ýþýðýnda yeniden gözden geçirilmektedir.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The increase in pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) is often mild to moderate. However, 5-10! of patients with advanced COPD may suffer from severe pulmonary hypertension. A small proportion of COPD patients may present with ‘‘out-of-proportion"" PH, defined by a mean PAP >35-40 mmHg and a relatively preserved lung function that can not explain prominent dyspnea and fatigue. In patients with of COPD, PH is associated with bad prognosis.
The cause of pulmonary hypertension in COPD is generally assumed to be hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Recently, interest in the cellular and molecular aspects of the pathophysiology of PH in COPD has increased. The most striking finding is the role of vascular endothelial cells and endogenous mediators released by these cells. Pulmonary vascular remodelling in COPD is the main cause of increase in pulmonary artery pressure.
At the present, there is no specific and effective treatment for this condition in COPD. The timing of initiation of long-term oxygen therapy is important for the effective management of PH in COPD. Research on therapeutic agents for the effective treatment of PH is still needed in the management aspect of patients with COPD. This review focuses on the recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment of PH in COPD.

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Amaç: Bingöl Devlet Hastanesi’nde Eylül 2007 tarihinde yeni kurulan göðüs cerrahisi kliniðinde yapýlan operasyonlar ve sonuçlarýnýn sunulmasý amaçlandý.
Gereç ve yöntem: Eylül 2007 ile Mart 2009 tarihleri arasýnda göðüs cerrahisi kliniðine yatýrýlarak tedavi edilen hastalar ret- rospektif olarak incelendi. Bu dönemde kliniðimize 189 hasta yatýrýldý. Hastalarýn 27’sine torakotomi, üçüne mediastinoskopi, üçüne videotorakoskopi, 45’ine tüp torakostomi, yedisine bronkoskopi, beþine göðüs duvarý benign kitle eksizyonu, ikisine trakeostomi ve sekizine diðer ameliyatlar yapýldý. Beþ hastaya tomografi eþliðinde transtorasik ince iðne aspirasyon (TTÝA) biyopsisi uygulandý.
Bulgular: Torakotomi uygulanan dört hastaya cerrahi anatomik akciðer rezeksiyonu (ikisine küçük hücreli dýþý akciðer kanseri tanýsýyla lobektomi ve lenf nodu diseksiyonu, birine bronþektazi, birine ateþli silah yaralanmasý nedeniyle) yapýldý. Kist hidatik hastalýðý için iki hastaya kistotomi ve kapitonaj uygulanýrken, altý hastaya pnömotoraks için, iki hastaya tüberküloz ampiyem ve plevral kalýnlaþma nedeniyle total dekortikasyon, bir hastaya yabancý cisim aspirasyonu, iki hastaya diyafragma eventrasyonu, üç hastaya tanýsal torakotomi ve sekiz hastaya diðer nedenlerle torakotomi uygulandý. Kliniðimizde tüp torakostomi, 45 hastanýn 24’üne spontan pnömotoraks, 18’ine travmatik, üçüne diðer nedenlerle uygulanmýþtý. TTÝA yapýlan dört hastaya akciðer karsinomu tanýsý konuldu. Operasyon uygulanan hastalarýmýzýn üçünde komplikasyon geliþti (bir uzamýþ hava kaçaðý, bir pnömotoraks, bir hemoraji). Hiçbir hastada mortalite görülmedi.
Sonuç: Yeni kurulan göðüs cerrahisi kliniðinde, akciðer kanseri de dahil olmak üzere, birçok hastalýðýn cerrahi taný ve tedavisi yapýlmýþtýr. Uygun hastalara hem taný hem de tedavi saðlanmasý, hastalarýn saðlýk hizmetine ulaþabilirliðini artýracaðý gibi, büyük þehirlerdeki saðlýk merkezlerindeki yýðýlmalarý da azaltacaktýr.

Aim: To report results of procedures performed in the newly (September, 2007) established Bingöl State Hospital Thoracic Surgery Clinic.
Material and methods: Patients treated in our thoracic surgery clinic between September 2007 and March 2009 were retrospectively evaluated. During this period, 189 patients were treated. Procedures performed were as follows: 27 thoracotomies, three mediastinoscopies, three videothoracoscopies, 45 tube thoracostomies, seven bronchoscopies, five chest wall resection due to benign chest wall tumor, two thracheostomies and eight others. Trans-thoracic needle aspiration biopsy (TTNAB) with guidance of computerized tomography was obtained in five patients.
Results: Among thoracotomy performed patients, anatomic lung resection was made in four patients (due to bronchiectasis in one, gun injury in one and due to non-small cell lung cancer, with lymph node dissection in two). Cystotomy-capitonnage to treat hydatid lung disease in two and decortication to treat empyema and pleural thickening secondary to tuberculosis in two were performed through a thoracotomy. Causes of thoracotomy were pneumothorax in six, foreign body aspiration in one, diaphragmatic eventration in two and other causes in eight patients. Diagnostic thoracotomy was performed in three patients. Among 45 tube thoracostomy performed patients, causes were as follows; spontaneous pneumothorax in 24, traumatic pneumothorax in 18 and other causes in three patients. In TTNAB performed four patients diagnosis was lung cancer. Complication was discovered in three patients (prolonged air leak in one, pneumothorax in one and hemorrhage in one). No mortality was seen.
Conclusion: In this newly established thoracic surgery clinic, various diseases including lung cancer could be diagnosed and treated. Performing diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in peripheral thoracic surgery clinics, makes healthcare more available for patients besides decreasing patient load of hospitals located in bigger cities.

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Amaç: Sigara, ülkemizin hâlâ en önemli saðlýk sorunlarýndan biridir. Çalýþmamýzda amacýmýz, Bursa ilindeki öðretmenlerin sigara içme düzeylerini ve ülkemizde uygulanmaya baþlayan kapalý alanlarda sigara içilmesini yasaklayan yasa konusundaki düþüncelerini saptamaktý.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bursa ilindeki tüm okullara 22 soruluk anket formlarý daðýtýldý. Anket formlarýný 3519’u erkek (yaþ ortalamasý 40.6±0.1), 4772’si kadýn (yaþ ortalamasý 34.9±0.1), toplam 8291 öðretmen yanýtladý.
Bulgular: Erkek öðretmenlerin %33.6’sý sigara içerken kadýn öðretmenlerde sigara içme oraný %25.4’tü. “19 Mayýs 2008’de yürürlüðe giren Tütün Ürünlerinin Zararlarýnýn Önlenmesi ve Kontrolü Hakkýnda Kanun gereðince kamuya açýk kapalý alanlarda sigara
içilmesinin yasaklanmasý hakkýnda ne düþünüyorsunuz?” þeklindeki soruya öðretmenlerin %75.8’i çok gerekli bir yasa yanýtýný verirken, %14.3’ü yasayý gereksiz bulduðunu belirtti.
Sonuç: Sigara içen öðretmenlerin, içmeyen öðretmenlere göre yasaya bakýþlarý olumsuzdu. Bu nedenle, gerek sigara býrakmalarý gerekse yasanýn en önde gelen uygulayýcýlarýndan olmalarý için gerekli eðitimlerin ve desteðin öðretmenlerimize verilmesi gerektiðini düþünmekteyiz.

Aim: Smoking is still one of the most important health problems of our country. The aim of our study was to identify the level of smoking habits of the teachers in the city of Bursa and find out their opinion about the law prohibiting smoking in closed areas.
Material and Methods: A questionnaires containing 22 questions were distributed to all schools in Bursa. These questionnaires were answered by a total of 8291 teachers, composed of 3519 men (mean age 40.6±0.1) and 4772 women (mean age 34.9±0.1).
Reults: Smoking ratio is 33.6% for male teachers and 25.4% for female teachers. The question “what do you think about the prohibition of smoking in closed areas in accordance with the law about Prevention and Control of Smoke Products Damage
that just has came into force on 19 May 2008” was answered as a very necessary law by 75.8% and as an unnecessary law by 14.3% of the teachers.
Conculation: As a result, the aspects of the smoker teachers were unfavorable compared to the non-smoker teachers. Consequently, we think that essential education and support should be given to our teachers, both to quit smoking and to being one of the
foremost implementers of the law.

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Giriþ ve amaç: Plevra tüberkülozlu çoðu hasta spontan balgam çýkaramadýðýndan,
tüberküloz plörezide spontan balgam kültürlerinde Mycobacterium tuberculosis üreme oraný düþüktür. Plevral tüberkülozda balgam indüksiyonunun yaný sýra bronþ lavajý yapýlarak daha yüksek oranda M. tuberculosis izole edilip edilemeyeceðinin anlaþýlmasý için, prospektif olarak bu çalýþma planlandý.
Gereç ve yöntem: Histopatolojik olarak tüberküloz plörezi tanýsý almýþ hastalar, tüberküloz tedavisi baþlanmadan çalýþmaya alýndý. Hastalara ultrasonik nebülizatör ile %3 NaCl kullanýlarak balgam indüksiyonu yapýldý. Ardýndan, 2-24 saat sonra da bronkoskopi uygulandý.
Bulgular: Ardýþýk 58 hasta (13 kadýn, 45 erkek) çalýþmaya alýndý. Balgam indüksiyonu sonucu 51 hasta (%88) balgam verdi. ARB yayma pozitifliði 51 indükte balgamýn birinde elde edilirken, 58 bronþ lavajýnýn sadece birinde elde edildi. Spontan balgam veren 27
hastadan birinin (%3.7) kültürü pozitif bulundu. Elli bir indükte balgamýn 11’i (%21.6), 58 bronþ lavajýnýn ise yedisi (%12.1) kültür pozitifti. Ýndükte balgam ile bronþ lavajý kültür pozitifliði arasýnda fark saptanmadý (p=0.125). Ýndükte balgam kültürü negatif kalan sadece bir hastada bronþ lavajý kültürü pozitif saptandý. Solunum yolu örneklerinin üçünün kültür sonuçlarý birlikte deðerlendirildiðinde, 13 hastada (%22.4) kültür sonuçlarý pozitif bulundu. Bu hastalarýn sadece %39’unun (5/13) akciðer grafisinde parankim lezyonu izleniyordu. Kültür pozitifliði ile akciðer grafisinde parankim lezyonu varlýðý arasýnda iliþki saptanmadý (p=0.116).
Sonuç: Çalýþmamýz, tüberkülozun plevral formunda parankim lezyonu olmasa bile, hastalarýn ev içi temaslýlarýnýn taranmasý, hastalara bulaþtýrýcýlýk ve almasý gereken önlemler konusunda bilgi verilmesi gerektiðini düþündürmüþtür. Bronkoskopinin plevral
tüberkülozda yayma veya kültür pozitif örnek elde etmede balgam indüksiyonuna bir üstünlüðü ve katkýsý yoktur.

Background and aim: Patients with pleural tuberculosis are not able to expectorate sputum spontaneously, thus growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in cultures of spontaneous sputums low.
Material and methods: Patients with histopathologically proven pleura tuberculosis were recruited in the study before the tuberculosis treatment. Sputum induction was performed with ultrasonic nebulizer using 3% NaCl. Bronchoscopy was
performed 2-24 hours later.
Results: Consecutive 58 patients (13 female, 45 male) were recruited. Fifty-one patients (88%) provided sputum after induction. Smears were positive in one of 51 induced sputum and one of 58 bronchial lavage samples. Culture of spontaneous sputum was positive in one of 27 patients. Eleven (21.6%) of 51 induced sputum and seven (12.1%) of 58 bronchial lavage were culture positive. No difference was found between induced
sputum and bronchial lavage culture results (p=125). When all respiratory specimens evaluated together, positive culture result was obtained in 13 patients (22.4%). Only 39% (5/13) of these patients had parenchymal lesion on chest X-ray. No association
was found between parenchymal lesion on chest x-ray and positive culture result (p=0.116).
Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that even when there is no associated parenchymal lesion in pleural form of tuberculosis, household contacts of patients should be investigated and patients should be informed about transmission and protective measures. Bronchoscopy has no superiority or no contribution to induced sputum in order to obtain smear or culture positive samples.

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Amaç: Ýlimizde 1996 ve 2006 yýllarý arasýnda antitüberküloz ilaç direnç oranýndaki deðiþimi saptamak.
Gereç ve yöntem: Çalýþmaya, 1996 ve 2006 yýllarýnda Mycobacterium tuberculosis üremesi saptanan hastalar alýndý. Ýzoniazid, rifampisin, etambutol, streptomisin ve çoklu ilaç direnci saptanan hastalarýn bilgileri, SPSS 15 veri tabanýna yüklendi ve istatistiksel inceleme yapýldý.
Bulgular: Yapmýþ olduðumuz çalýþmada; 1996 yýlýnda 70 hastada Mycobacterium tuberculosis üremesi saptandý. Bunlardan 21’inde izoniazid, 8’inde rifampisin, 7’sinde etambutol, 27’sinde streptomisin ve 5’inde çok ilaca direnç saptandý. 2006 yýlýnda ise; 47 hastada Mycobacterium tuberculosis üremesi saptandý. Hastalarýn
11’inde izoniazid, 4’ünde rifampisin, 1’inde etambutol, 2’sinde streptomisin ve 3’ünde çok ilaca direnç saptandý. Dirençli deðiþimi karþýlaþtýrýldýðýnda; izoniazid dirençli hasta sayýsýnýn 21’den 11’e (%30’dan %23.4’e), rifampisin dirençli hasta sayýsýnýn 8’den
4’e (%11’den %8.5’e), etambutol dirençli hasta sayýsýnýn 7’den 1’e (%13’ten %2.1’e), streptomisin dirençli hasta sayýsýnýn 27’den 2’ye (%39’dan %4.3’e) ve çok ilaca dirençli hasta sayýsýnýn da 5’ten 3’e (%7’den %6.4’e) gerilediði saptandý.
Sonuç: Ýlimizde on yýllýk süre zarfýnda antitüberküloz ilaç direncinde; izoniazid, rifampisin, etambutol ve çok ilaca direnç de ista- tistiksel olarak anlamlý bir düþüþ olmazken, streptomisin direncindeki düþüþ istatistiksel olarak anlamlý bulunmuþtur (p<0.05).

Objective: To establish the change in the ratio of the antituberculosis drug resistance in Edirne region between 1996-2006.
Materials and Methods: The patients, who were detected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis proliferation in the cultures, were enrolled to the study between 1996-2006. The patients, who were diagnosed with isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, streptomycin and multi-drug resistance were selected and their data of was uploaded to SPSS software in order to perform statistical analysis.
Results: We found the Mycobacterium tuberculosis proliferation of cultures in 70 patients in 1996, where 21 patients had isoniazid, 8 patients had rifampicin, 7 patients had ethambutol, 27 patients had streptomycin, and 5 patients had multi-durg resistance. In 2006, Mycobacterium tuberculosis proliferation was established in 47 patients. Of these, 11 patients had isoniazid, 8 had rifampicin, one patient had ethambutol, 2 patients had streptomycin and 3 patients had multi-durg resistance. We compared the changes in the resistance figures and found a decrease of drug resistance as follows: in isoniazid, from 21 patients (30%) to 11 patients (23.4%); in rifampicin, from 8 patients (11%) to 4 patients (8.5%); in ethambutol, from 7 patients (13%) to one patient (2.1%); in streptomycin, from 27 patients (39%) to 2 patients (4.3%); in multi- drug, from 5 patients (7%) to 3 patients (6.4%).
Conclusion: Although statistically significant decrease of drug resistance was not found in isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and multi-drug, a significant drug resistance was estabished in streptomycin in Edirne region during the 10 years period.

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Amaç: Bu çalýþmanýn amacý Þanlýurfa’nýn kýrsal bir bölgesinde astým ve alerjik semptomlarýn prevalansýný saptamak, elde edilen verileri deðerlendirmek ve Türkiye’nin deðiþik bölgelerinden bildirilen prevalans sonuçlarýný gözden geçirmektir.
Gereç ve yöntem: 185 ev ziyareti yapýlmýþ, toplam 370 kiþiye yüz yüze görüþme tekniði ile sosyodemografik özelliklerini inceleyen ve Europen Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) anketinden oluþan toplam 20 soru sorulmuþtur.
Bulgular: Katýlanlarýn 279’u (%75.4) kadýn 91’i (%24.6) erkek ve yaþ ortalamasý 29.84±7.78 idi. Þimdiki astým, kümülatif astým ve astým benzeri semptom prevalansý sýrasýyla %1.62, %2.7, %11.08, alerjik rinit, alerjik dermatit ve ailesel atopi sýklýðýysa sýrasýyla %17.3, %7.3, %17.02 olarak saptandý. Çalýþma popülasyonunda nefes darlýðýyla birlikte olan hýrýltýlý solunum sýklýðý %11.9, üst solunum yolu infeksiyonu olmaksýzýn hýrýltýlý solunum sýklýðý %8.9, nefes darlýðýyla uykudan uyanma sýklýðý %11.9 ve öksürükle uykudan uyanma sýklýðý %18.9 olarak bulundu. Cinsiyet, yaþ, eðitim, ailesel atopi öyküsü ve yaþanýlan evin koþullarý, astým ve alerjik semptom prevalansý görülme durumu arasýnda istatistiksel olarak anlamlý bir iliþki yoktu (p>0.05). Astým semptomlarýnýn görülme sýklýðý pasif sigara içenlerde içmeyenlere göre anlamlý derecede yüksek bulundu (p= 0.006). Son bir yýl içinde 37 (%11.9) kiþi nefes darlýðý ve wheezing semptomlarý nedeniyle hastane baþvurmuþ ve 10’u (%2.7) bir göðüs hastalýklarý uzmaný tarafýndan deðerlendirilmiþti. Yirmi üç (%6.2) kiþinin þikayetleri nedeniyle ortalama 5.22±3.33 gün iþgücü kaybýnýn olduðu belirlendi.
Sonuç: Çalýþmamýzda Þanlýurfa kýrsalýnda astým prevalansý ülkemizde bildirilen düþük prevalans oranlarýyla uyumlu bulunmuþ ve astýmýn toplumda iþgücü kaybýna da yol açabilen hastalýklardan biri olduðu sonucuna varýlmýþtýr.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of asthma and allergic symptoms of a rural area in Sanlýurfa, to evaluate the data obtained and to review the prevalences reported from different parts of our country.
Method: 185 home visits were made, 370 cases were interviewed by face to face technique. 20 questions concerning sociodemographic features, obtained from European Community Respiratory Health Survey inquiry, were asked.
Results: 279(75.4%) were female, 91(24.6%) were male and mean age value was 29.8±7.7 years. The prevelance of current asthma, cumulative asthma and asthma-like symptoms were 1.62%, 2.7%, 11.08%, respectively. The frequencies of allergic rhinitis, allergic dermatitis and familial atopy were 17.3%, 7.3% and 17.02%,respectively. Wheezing with breathlessness, wheezing in the absence of upper respiratory tract infection, waking up with shortness of breath and waking up with cough were detected in 11.9, 8.9, 11.9 and 18.9% the study population respectively. There was no significant relation between the prevalence of asthma like symptoms and gender, age, education, familial history of asthma and in-house conditions (p>0.05). Asthma-like symptoms were more frequent among the passive-smokers (p=0.006).37(11.9%) cases referred to hospital with dyspnea and wheezing symptoms within last year and 10(2.7%) cases were examined by a chest specialist. 23(6.2%) cases declared to have a mean of 5.2±3.3 days loss of work due to symptoms.
Conclusion: In this study, the reported prevelance of asthma in a rural area Sanlýurfa was found to be similar to the prevelance of asthma in our country and it was decided that asthma was one of the diseases causing loss of working days in the society.

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Küçük hücreli dýþý akciðer kanserli (KHDAK) hastalarýn üçte birinde beyin metastazý görülür. Beyin metastazlý hasta tedavi edilmezse nörolojik semptomlar hýzla ilerler ve ortalama saðkalým iki aydýr. Seçilmiþ bir hasta grubunda akciðer ve beyne cerrahi tedavi yaklaþýmý ile uzun saðkalým elde edilebileceðini gösteren yayýnlar vardýr. Bu makalede, beyin metastazý nedeniyle evre IV olan bir KHDAK’li olgumuzda kombine cerrahi tedavi yaklaþýmýný irdeleyerek, küçük bir hasta grubu da olsa, benzer hastalarda cerrahi tedavinin önemine dikkat çekmeyi amaçladýk.

Brain metastasis are seen in 1/3’rd of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). If brain metastasis is not treated, neurologic symptoms rapidly progress and median survival is two months. It is reported that surgical resection of brain metastasis and primary lung tumor provides long survival. In this report, we aimed to emphasize the importance of surgical treatment in similar patients, by investigating the combined surgical treatment approach in a NSCLC patient who is stage IV due to brain metastasis.

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Göðüs duvarý tüberküloz absesi nadir görülen bir durumdur. Nonspesifik abseden ya da tümörden ayýrt edilmesi zordur. Taný, ponksiyon ya da biyopsi ile elde edilen materyalin direkt yayma, kültür ya da patolojik incelemesiyle konulur. Tedavide standart bir yaklaþým yoktur. Altý ile on iki ay kadar medikal tedavi, kombine medikal ve cerrahi tedavi ya da sadece cerrahi tedavi uygulanabilir.

Tuberculosis abscess of the chest wall is rare. It is difficult to differentiate the tubeculosis abscess from non-specific abscess or tumor formation. The diagnosis of tuberculosis abscess of the chest wall can be done by direct examination of the smear, culture and pathological examination of the material extracted by needle aspiration. There are no standart treatment protocols. Medical therapy for 6-12 months, surgery or combination of these treatments can be preferred.

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Trakeobronkopati osteokondroplastika (TO), etiyolojisi tam olarak bilinmeyen, yavaþ ilerleyen, submukozal nodüllerle karakterize, benign seyirli ve nadir görülen bir bozukluktur. Literatürde genellikle sporadik olgu olarak bildirilmiþtir. Endobronþiyal lezyonlar özellikle sigara öyküsü olan olgularda kötü huylu bir hastalýðý düþündürmekle birlikte, nadiren benign karakterli de olabilir. Bu gibi durumlarda bronkoskopik inceleme önem kazanýr.
Yetmiþ bir yaþýnda, herhangi bir yakýnmasý olmayan, aðýr sigara içicisi erkek hasta, rastlantýsal olarak çekilen toraks bilgisayarlý tomografisinde endobronþiyal lezyon þüphesi olmasý üzerine kliniðimize yönlendirilmiþ, yapýlan radyolojik ve bronkoskopik bulgular eþliðinde histopatolojik olarak TO tanýsý almýþtýr.

Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TO) is a rare benign disorder with unknown aetiology. The condition is characterized by submucosal nodules progressing slowly. TO usually has been reported in literature as sporadic cases. Although endobronchial lesions are considered as malignancy especially in the presence of smoking history, rarely it may be a benign condition. In this kind of situations bonchoscopic inspection comes into prominence.
Seventy-one year-old man who is asymptomatic and heavy smoker, was admitted to our clinic because of the suspicious endobronchial lesion determined on the thorax computed tomography which was performed incidentally. The diagnosis of TO is confirmed histopathologically accompanied by radiologic and bronchoscopic findings.

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