Karbon monoksit (CO) difüzyon kapasitesi (DLCO) testi, iyi stan-dardize edilip doðru deðerlendirildiði zaman, özellikle paranki-mal ve vasküler akciðer hastalýklarýnýn taný ve takibinde önem¬li bilgiler saðlar. Bu derleme, testin doðru uygulanýp deðerlen¬dirilmesine katkýda bulunma amacýyla yazýldý.

Carbon monoxide diffusion test provides important information in diagnosis and follow-up of parenchymal and vascular pulmo¬nary diseases, if -well-standardized and evaluated correctly. This review is prepared to contribute to the correct application and evaluation of this test.

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Amaç: Bu çalýþmada, servise yatýrýlarak tedavi edilen ve risk faktö¬rü taþýyan toplum kökenli pnömoni (TKP) hastalarýnda (grup Illb), moksifloksasin monoterapisi ile seftriakson+klaritromisin kombinasyonunun (standart tedavi seçeneði) etkinlik ve güveni-lirliðinin karþýlaþtýrýlmasý amaçlanmýþtýr.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Mart 2007 ile Eylül 2008 arasýnda KTÜ Týp Fakültesi Göðüs Hastalýklarý Kliniði'nde yatarak tedavi gören TKP olgularý çalýþmaya alýndý. Hastalara baþvuru sýrasýna göre Türk Toraks Derneði önerilerine uygun olarak ilk seçenek (seftriakson ÝV+klaritromisin ÝV) ya da ikinci seçenek tedavi (moksifloksasin ÝV) uygulandý. Ardýþýk tedavide, ilk grupta oral sefuroksim akse-til+klaritromisin, ikinci grupta ise oral moksifloksasin kullanýldý. Hastalann baþvuruda, 3. 5. ve 14. günde klinik ve laboratuvar verileri kaydedildi.
Bulgular: Belirtilen tarihler arasýnda 23'ü erkek, 13'ü kadýn oknak üzere toplam 36 olgu çalýþmaya dahil edildi. Risk faktörleri ola¬rak 25 olguda eþlik eden kronik bir hastalýk ve 21 olguda ileri yaþ (>65 yaþ) saptandý. Aðýrlýk faktörü olarak en sýk, plevral efüzyon (13 hastada) ve solunum yetmezliði (12 hastada) görüldü. Tedavinin 14. gününde yapýlan deðerlendirmede, birinci grupta 17 hasta, ikinci grupta ise 18 hastanýn tamamýnda klinik kür elde edildi (P=0.500). Radyografik rezolüsyon bakýmýndan gruplar farklý bulunmadý ve çalýþma sonunda 2 olguda rezolüsyonun tam olmadýðý görüldü (P=0.243). Birinci grupta, tedavinin 5. gününde ateþin devam etmesi nedeniyle bir olgu "tedavi baþarýsýzlýðý" ola¬rak deðerlendirildi. Toplam tedavi süresi, yatýþ süresi ve iþ günü kayýplarý yönünden iki grup arasýnda farklýlýk saptanmadý.
Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, çalýþmamýz, servise yatýrýlarak: tedavi edilen ve risk faktörü taþýyan toplum kökenli pnömoni (grup Illb) hastala¬rýnda moksifloksasin ile seftriakson+klaritromisinin benzer klinik etki ve yan etki profiline sahip olduðunu ortaya koymuþtur.

Aim: In this study, the efficacy and safety of moxifloxacin monotherapy versus ceftriaxone plus clarithromycin (comparator) "was compared in hospitalized adult community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) (group Illb) patients with risk factors.
Material and Methods: Patients with CAP hospitalized in KTU School of Medicine, Pulmonology Clinic between March 2007 and September were included in the study. Patients were consecutively treated using either primary (ceftriaxone plus clarithromycin IV) or secondary (moxifloxacin rV) therapeutic options according to the Guidelines of Turkish Thoracic Society. For the sequential therapy, oral cefuroxime axetil plus clarithromycin and oral moxifloxacin "were used respectively. Clinical and laboratory data were recorded in first, 3rd, 5th and 14th days.
Results: During study period, 23 men and 13 "women (total 36 patients) "were included in the study. Risk factors "were a co-morbid disease (25 pts) and advanced age (>65 years) (21 pts). Pleural effusion (13 pts) and respiratory failure (12 pts) were the most commonly seen severity factors. At the end of treatment (14th day) period, clinical cure was obtained in 17 patients in the first and 18 patents in the second treatment groups (P=0.500). Radiographic resolution rates were not statistically different between groups and 2 patients had incomplete resolution at the end of treatment period (P=0.243). Because of persistence of fever at 5th day of treatment, treatment failure was described in one patient in the first group. Total treatment duration, hospitalization and loss of "work-days "were not different between groups.
Conculation: In conclusion, our study has showed that moxifloxacin has similar clinical efficacy and safety profile "with ceftriaxone plus clarithromycin in hospitalized community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) (group Illb) patients with risk factors.

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Amaç: Malign plevral efüzyonlu hastalarda, küçük çaplý kateter kullanýlarak povidon iyot (iodopovidon) ile yapýlan hýzlý plöre-dez tekniðinin etkinliðinin deðerlendirilmesi amaçlandý.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Ocak 2008 - Þubat 2009 tarihleri arasýnda malign plevral efüzyon tanýsýyla kliniðimize yatan 15 hasta, pros-pektif olarak çalýþmaya dahil edildi. Uygulama için, lokal aneste¬ziyi takiben 12F ince kateter plevral boþluða yerleþtirildi ve sývý drene edildi. Drenaj sonrasý tam reekspansiyon görülen olgular¬da, kateterin klempe edilmesini takiben, 20 mi %10'luk povidon-iyot + 80 mi SF karýþýmý plevral boþluða verildi. Ýki saat sonra klemp açýlarak sývý boþaltýldý ve günlük drenaj miktarý dikkate alýnmaksýzýn en geç 48 saat içerisinde plöredez iþlemi tamamla¬nýp kateter çekilerek hastalar taburcu edildi.
Bulgular: Hastalarýn 12'si (%80) kadýn, 3'ü (%20) erkekti; yaþ ortala-malarý 55-3±11.9 idi. Olgularda en sýk saptanan primer maligniteler akciðer (%33.3), over (%33.3) ve meme (%20) karsinomu idi. Plevra sývýsýnýn görünümü olgularýn 8'inde (%53) serohemorajik, 7'sinde (%46.7) serofibrinözdü. Serohemorajik sývýlarýn %87'si ile serofibri-nöz sývýlarýn %85'inde plöredez yanýtý mevcuttu ve aralarýnda anlamlý fark saptanmadý (p>0.05). Plöredez yanýtý alýnan ile alýna¬mayan olgular, LDH ve pH deðerleri açýsýndan benzerdi. Olgularýn 8'inde (%53.4) plöredez iþlemine tam yanýt, 5'inde (%33.3) parsiyel yanýt saptandý. Toplam yanýt oraný %86.6 olarak bulundu. Plöredez sonrasý olgularýn 7'sinde komplikasyon görüldü. Aðn (%26.7) ve hipotansiyon (%20) dýþýnda komplikasyon olmadý.
Sonuç: Malign plevral efüzyonda küçük çaplý kateter kullanýlarak povidon iyot ile yapýlan hýzlý plöredez güvenilir, etkili, ucuz bir yöntemdir. Hastalann hastanede kalýþ süresini kýsaltmakta ve maliyeti düþürmektedir.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of rapid pleurodesis with iodopovidone via small-bore catheter in malignant pleural effusions.
Material and Methods: Between January 2008 - February 2009, 15 malignant pleural effusion patients hospitalized in our department "were enrolled in the study prospectively. Following local anesthesia 12F small-bore catheter "was inserted into pleural cavity and fluid was drained. After full re-expansion, the catheter "was clamped and solution (20 ml 10% iodopovidone + 80 ml saline) "was infused into pleural cavity. After 2 hours, catheter "was declamped and fluid "was drained. Without taking into concederation the amount of drainage, pleurodesis "was completed, chest tube "was removed and patients "were dicharged in 48 hours at the most.
Results: Twelve patients (80%) were female and 3 (20%) were male and mean age was 55.3+11.9- Lung (33-3%) ovarian (33-3%) and breast (20%) cancer were the most frequent primary tumors. Pleural fluid was serohemorrhagic in 8 (53%), serofibrinous in 7 (46.7%) and success rates were 87% and 85% respectively without statistical significance (p>0.05). Successful and unsuccessful cases "were similar regarding fluid LDH and pH. There "was complete response in 8 (53.4%) and partial response in 5 (33-3%) patients. Overall succes rate was 86.6%. Complication developed in 7 patients: pain (26.7%) and hypotension (20%).
Conciliation: Rapid pleurodesis with iodopovidone via small-bore catheter in malignant pleural effusion is effective, safe and inexpensive procedure. It shortens hospitalisation period, maintaining cost-effectiveness.

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Kronik Obstrüktif Akciðer Hastalýðý (KOAH) önemli bir halk sað¬lýðý sorunudur. KOAH ataklarý mortalite ve morbiditenin en önemli nedenidir. Ataklarýn önlenmesinde etkin tedaviler henüz yeterli deðildir. KOAH ataklarýný sýklýkla bakteriyel veya viral infeksiyonlar tetiklemektedir. Bu yüzden, KOAH tanýsý olan hastalara grip ve pnömokok aþýsý önerilmektedir. Yapýlan çalýþmalar, aþýlamanýn mortalite ve morbiditeyi azalttýðýný gös¬termektedir.
Biz bu çalýþmada, çeþitli sorularý içeren anket formu ile KOAH tanýlý olgularla yüz yüze görüþerek, grip ve pnömokok aþýsý uygulanma sýklýðýný sorguladýk.
Çalýþmaya, Kasým 2009 ile Mart 2010 tarihleri arasýnda poliklini¬ðimize baþvuran 129 hasta alýndý. Hastalarýn demografik veri¬leri ve aþý uygulanma öyküleri anket formuna kaydedildi. Hastalarýn ortalama yaþý 67 (41-85) idi ve %95'i erkekti. Hastalarýn %8'inde hafif, %47'sinde orta, %45'inde aðýr ve çok aðýr KOAH tanýsý vardý. Çalýþmamýzda, KOAH'ta grip için aþý¬lanma sýklýðýnýn %37, pnömokok aþýlanma sýklýðýnýn ise %15 olduðu görüldü. KOAH aðýrlýðýyla aþýlanma sýklýðý arasýnda iliþki bulunmadý. Çalýþmamýz KOAH olgularýnda aþýlanma sýk¬lýðýnýn az olduðunu göstermektedir. Bu nedenle aþýlanmanýn önemini daha fazla vurgulamalýyýz.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important public health issue. COPD exacerbations are the common cause of mortality and morbidity. Efficient treatment strategies for prevention of exacerbations are still inadequate. Most acute exacerbations are triggered by viral or bacterial infections. Therefore, vaccinations against influenza and pneumococcus are currently recommended for all persons -with COPD. Several studies showed that vaccination reduces the mortality and morbidity related to COPD.
The aim of present study -was to investigate the influenza/ pneumococcal vaccination rate and predictors of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination among them. Questionnaire forms including questions about demographic data of patients and also influenza/pneumococcal vaccination -were filled by face to face interview method.
The study -was carried out between November 2009 and March 2010 and this study included 129 patients. The mean age of the patients -was 67 (41-85) years; and 95% "were males. COPD severity -was graded as mild in 8% of patients, moderate in 47 %, severe and very severe in 45 % respectively. The rate of patients having been vaccinated in the previous year -was 37%, and the rate of pneumococcal vaccination at least once -was 15%. In the present study it -was found that there -was no correlation between vaccination frequency and severity of COPD. This study showed that influenza and pneumococcal vaccination rates among COPD patients are quite low. Therefore, importance of vaccination should be emphasized by clinicians.

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Amaç: Çalýþmamýzda, ülkemizin kýrsal bir bölgesinde yaþayan 16 yaþ
üstü kadýnlar arasýnda sigara içme davranýþýnýn deðerlendirilmesi
amaçlanmýþtýr.
Yöntem: Örneklem seçiminde saðlýk ocaklan tarafýndan dolduru¬lan "ev halký tespit fiþleri"nde (ETF) kayýtlý nüfus dikkate alýn¬mýþtýr. Hesaplanan optimum örneklem büyüklüðünün (n=390) %94.4'üne ulaþýlmýþ ve toplam 368 kadýnla görüþme yapýlmýþtýr. Kadýnlara, araþtýrmacýlar tarafýndan geliþtirilen çoktan seçmeli ve açýk uçlu üç bölümden oluþan toplam 28 soru, iki hekim ve daha önceden anket hakkýnda eðitilen beþ yardýmcý saðlýk personeli tarafýndan yüz yüze görüþme yöntemi ile yöneltilmiþtir.
Bulgular: Çalýþmaya katýlan kadýnlarýn %25.6'sý aktif sigara içicisi olmak üzere, %3.3'ünün ara sýra sigara içicisi, %22.3'ünün düzenli sigara içicisi olduðu ve %5.2'sinin eski sigara içicisi olduðu belirlenmiþtir. Kadýnlarýn %65-5'inin sigarayý hiç içmedi¬ði, %3.8'inin ise sigara içmeyi denediði ancak aktif sigara içicisi olmadýðý öðrenilmiþtir. Sigaraya baþlama nedenleri arasýnda en sýk (%33.1) "stres" seçeneði iþaretlenmiþtir. Düzenli sigara içen kadýnlarýn %51.2'sinin hamilelikleri sýrasýnda da sigara içmeyi sürdürdükleri ve %74.4'ünün çocuklarýnýn yanýnda sigara içtiði belirlenmiþtir.
Sonuç: Güneydoðu Anadolu Bölgesi'nin kýrsal bir bölgesinde yaþayan her dört kadýndan biri sigara içicisidir. Bu sonuç, ülke¬miz kadýnlarý arasýnda sigara kullanýmýný engelleme amacýyla yapýlacak olan çalýþmalarýn, toplumun kýrsal kesiminde yaþayan kadýnlarý da içine alacak þekilde yürütülmesi gerektiðini gös¬termektedir.

Aim: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the smoking behaviour of the "women over 16 years old in a rural area of Turkey.
Material and Methods: Selection of representative sample is based on the population, included in household records of the village clinics. 94.4% of the representative sample (n=390) were available and 368 "women "were interviewed. The questionaire including 28 mutiple-choice questions "was performed face to face by 2 physicians and 5 educated health co-workers.
Results: 25.6% of the women were active smokers; 3.3% were occasional smokers; 22.3% were regular smokers. 65.5% were never-smokers; 5.2% "were ex-smokers; 3.8% "were non-active smokers "which experienced smoking before. The most frequently reported factors effecting initial smoking were "stress" (33.1%) and "curiosity" (25.7%). Among the regular smokers, 51.2% "were also active smokers during their pregnancy and 74.4% were smoking near by their children.
Conciliation: One of every four "women is a smoker in a rural area, in South-East Anatolia Region. The combat "with tobacco in our country should also include the combat actions in rural areas.

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Amaç: Bu çalýþmada, kronik obstrüktif akciðer hastalýðý (KOAH) alevlenmesinin en sýk rastlanýlan üç bakteriyel etkeni olan S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae ve M. catarrhalis'in gerçek zamanlý polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR) tekniði ile saptanmasý ve sonuçlarýn kültür ile karþýlaþtýrýlmasý amaçlanmýþtýr.
Yöntem: Çalýþmaya KOAH alevlenmesi olan 62 hasta alýndý. Hastalar Anthonisen kriterlerine göre sýnýflandýrýldý. Hastalann baþvuru sýrasýnda indüklenmiþ balgam örnekleri alýnarak üç solu¬num mikroorganizmasý için gerçek zamanlý PCR uygulandý.
Bulgular: Gerçek zamanlý PCR 47 hastada (%75.8) çalýþýlan üç mik-roorganizmadan biri için pozitif, bakteri kültürleri ise sadece 11 hastada (%17.7) pozitifti. Gerçek zamanlý PCR ile multipl pato¬jenler de saptanabilirken kültür buna olanak saðlamadý. Çalýþýlan üç mikroorganizmanýn gerçek zamanlý PCR ile saptanma oranla¬rý sýrasýyla S. pneumoniae %53.2, H. influenzae %17.7 ve M. catarrhalis %35-5 þeklindeydi. Gerçek zamanlý PCR sonuçlarý ile hasta karakteristikleri arasýnda anlamlý bir iliþki görülmedi.
Sonuç: Çalýþmamýzda, KOAH alevlenmesiyle baþvuran hastalarda gerçek zamanlý PCR tekniði ile bakteri saptanma oranlarý kültü¬re göre belirgin derecede yüksekti. Ýnfekte alevlenme oranýnýn yüksek olmasý nedeniyle, orta ve aðýr þiddette alevlenmeli hastalara ampirik antibiyotik tedavisi baþlanmalý ve verilecek antibiyotikler üç ana solunum patojenini etkileyebilecek spektruma sahip olmalýdýr.

Aim: The aim of this study "was the detection of the most common three bacterial causes (S. Pneumoniae, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis) of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations, using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and to compare it with the culture results.
Methods: Sixty two patients with COPD exacerbation were enrolled to the study. Patients were classified according to Anthonisen's criteria for COPD exacerbations. Real-time PCR for 3 respiratory microorganisms "was performed on induced sputums collected at admission.
Results: Real-time PCR was positive in 47 patients (75.8%) for at
least one of the three microorganisms, hovewer bacterial cultures were positive in only 11 patients (17.7%). Multiple pathogens were also found with real-time PCR but were not detected by culture. Detection rates of the three studied microorganisms by real-time PCR were as follows: S. pneumoniae 53.2%, H. influenzae 17.7% and M. catarrhalis 35-5%. There was no significant relationship between real-time PCR results and patient characteristics.
Conciliation: Our study showed that the prevalence of bacteria detected by real-time PCR "was substantially higher in comparison to the culture. Because of the high rate of infected exacerbations, an ampiric antibiotic therapy should be started and the spectrum of this therapy should cover these three major respiratory pathogens.

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Malign plevral mezotelyoma, plevra yüzeyi geniþ yayýlým göste¬ren, torasik yapýlara doðrudan invazyon yapan, agresif bir tümördür. Malign plevral mezotelyomada miliyer metastaz görülmesi çok ender olmakla birlikte, primer odaðýn saklý olduðu bazý hastalarda taný anýnda, bazý hastalarda da ileri dönemde miliyer metastazlara rastlanabilmektedir. Bu neden¬le, diffüz miliyer ya da mikronodüler pulmoner lezyonlarýn varlýðýnda, ayýrýcý tanýda malign mezotelyoma da düþünülmeli¬dir. Ýmmünohistokimyasal incelemeler, özellikle primer oda¬ðýn bilinmediði diðer malign metastazlardan ayýrýcý tanýda önemlidir.
Mikst tipte malign plevral mezotelyoma tanýsý almýþ, sigara ve asbest maruziyeti tanýmlamayan, 58 yaþýnda kadýn hasta, taný¬dan 9 ay sonra saptanan miliyer akciðer metastazlarý nedeniyle sunulmaktadýr. Hasta tanýdan 17 ay sonra malign mezotelyoma-ya baðlý solunum yetmezliði ile eksitus olmuþtur.

Malign pleural mesothelioma is characterized as an aggressive tumor that spreads -widely on the pleura and invases directly thoracic structures. Miliary metastases are very rare in malignant pleural mesotheliomas. However, they can be observed at the time of diagnosis in some of the cases -when the primary lesion is not detected and in some others in the later stages. For this reason one should suspect malignant mesotheliomas in the differential diagnosis -when presentation is -with diffuse miliary or micronodular pulmonary lesions. Immunehistochemical studies are helpful especially in differential diagnosis of other metastases when the primary lesion is not known.
Here, a 58 year-old -woman having mixed type malignant pleural mesothelioma is being presented because she had miliary pulmonary metastases revealed in thorax CT at the 9th month of the diagnosis. She -was not a smoker and there -was no history of asbest exposition. The patient died due to respiratory insufficiency at the 17th month of the diagnosis.

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Pulmoner aktinomikoz tanýsý klinisyenler için hâlâ önemli bir problemdir. Klinik olarak diðer infeksiyon hastalýklarýna ve malign hastalýklara benzediði için taný, olgularýn büyük bir bölümünde ancak cerrahi iþlemden sonra konulabilmektedir. Kliniðimize malignite ön tanýsý ile sevk edilen 55 yaþýndaki erkek hastanýn akciðer grafisinde sol hemitoraksta antibiyotik
tedavisine yanýtsýz nonhomojen dansite artýþý mevcuttu. Toraks bilgisayarlý tomografide (BT) lingulada hilustan perifere üçgen þeklinde uzanan, geniþ tabanlý ile plevral yüze oturan ve kavitasyon içeren konsolidasyon alaný vardý. Fiberoptik bronkoskopi ile taný elde edilemedi. BT eþliðinde transtorasik iðne aspirasyonu ile histopatolojik olarak pulmoner aktinomikoz tanýsý kondu. Malignite ayýrýcý tanýsýnda pulmoner aktinomikozun da
akla getirilmesi amacýyla bu olguyu sunduk.

Diagnosis of pulmonary actinomycosis is still an important problem for clinicians. Since clinically it is similar to other infectious and malignant diseases, the majority of patients are
diagnosed after the surgical procedure. Fifty five years old male patient was referred to our clinic with the prediagnosis of malignancy. The patient's chest X-ray revealed increased
nonhomogeneous density in the left hemithorax unresponsive to antibiotic treatment. In his thoracic computed tomography(CT) a consolidation area with cavitation was observed in the
lingular segment. The consolidation area was was in the form of a triangle extending from the hilum to the periphery, with a large base area placed on the pleural surface. The diagnosis could not be obtained by fiberoptic bronchoscopy. With CTguided
transthoracic needle aspiration, diagnosis of pulmonary actinomycosis was obtained histopathologically. Here, we are presenting this case to remind the clinicians that pulmonary actinomycosis should also be considered in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary malignancy.

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Organize pnömoni, birçok klinik ve radyolojik durumla iliþkili inflamatuar bir akciðer hastalýðýdýr. Hiçbir solunumsal sýkýntýsý olmayan 57 yaþýndaki kadýn hastanýn yaklaþýk 1 aydýr devam eden uyku hali, halsizlik, yorgunluk, terleme, baþ dönmesi yakýnmalarý mevcuttu. Akciðer grafisinde, bilateral yama tarzý infiltrasyonlarý olmasý nedeniyle ileri tetkiki yapýldý. Transtorasik tru-cut biyopsi sonucunda organize pnömoni (OP) tanýsý kondu. Baþlangýçta hiçbir etiyolojik faktör saptanamamýþken, BAL sývýsýnda Streptococcus pneumoniae üremesi üzerine organize pnömoninin, mikrobiyolojik bir nedene ikincil OP ola¬bileceði düþünüldü. Hastaya 1 mg/kg/gün prednizolon tedavisi baþlandý ve 6 ay süreyle, azaltýlan dozlarda verildi. Tedavi sonu kontrolünde, hastanýn en belirgin yakýnmasý olan uyku halinin tamamen geçtiði, olgunun klinik olarak iyileþtiði ve radyolojik olarak lezyonlarýn tama yakýn gerilediði görüldü.

Organizing pneumonia is a histopathological entity that has been described in association -with numerous clinical and radiological conditions. A 57-year-old female patient -was evaluated for somnolence, fatique, exhaustion and sweating that started 1 month ago. Although she had no respiratory symptoms, bilateral patchy infiltrations -were seen on her chest x-ray taken for routine evaluation for differential diagnosis of those infiltrations. Transthoracic tru-cut lung biopsy -was taken and patient -was diagnosed as organising pneumonia (OP) -with relevant histopathological findings. Although no etiological factor has been identified at the beginning, Streptococcus pneumoniae has been determined in the BAL fluid and the case is thought to be OP secondary to a microbiologic etiology. Oral prednisolon treatment has been started at 1 mg/kg/day dosage and tapered within 6 months. Six months later, the somnolence disappeared completely, patient recovered clinically and infiltrations on her chest radiograph showed significant regression.

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Trakeabronkopatia osteokondroplastika (TBO) trakea ve bronþla¬rýn submukozal yerleþimli kýkýrdak ve kemik dokusu içeren nodüllerle karakterize, ender görülen bir dejeneratif hastalýktýr. Tedavisinde temel seçenek endobronþiyal tedavi yaklaþýmýdýr. Lokal mitomisin-C uygulamasý ile palyasyon saðlanan bir olgu¬muzu sunarak hastalýðýn farklý bir tedavi seçeneði açýsýndan tar¬týþýlmasý amaçlandý.

Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TBO) is a rarely seen degenerative disease of the trachea and bronchi -which is characterized by nodularity including osseous and collagen structures. Its main therapeutic option is bronchoscopic endobronchial therapy. We are presenting this case to discuss a different treatment approach of providing palliation by local mytomycin-C application.

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